Automation – Page 226
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Aumentando el crecimiento
SGM maximiza su capacidad para cumplir con la creciente demanda del mercado automovilístico chino Nick Holt entrevista a Phil Kienle, vicepresidente de producción de operaciones internacionales de GM (GMIO y GM China) en la sede china de la empresa en Shanghái para analizar los retos de producción que conlleva ...
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ZF TRW makes 60 millionth EPB unit
Germany – The electric park brake (EPB), motor-on-caliper technology, which was developed at TRW’s technical centre in Koblenz, is currently produced in North America and China. It is now in its fifth generation.“ZF TRW was first to market with its EPB system in 2001, which pioneered with Lancia, Audi and ...
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钢材方案
钢材制造商们正在研发更轻、更强的材料,迎接轻质汽车的挑战原始设备制造商在为汽车选择恰当的钢材时一定要有所权衡。钢材需要非常强硬,才能在撞车事故中保护乘客,同时还要很轻,才能减少二氧化碳排放并提高能源效率。为了满足这些需求,汽车制造商正在评估钢材轻质方案,提高应用范围。2014年,Ford开始生产市场为导向的F-150全铝车身,从而登上新闻头条。2015年4月,BMW宣布,2016 7-系列底盘将广泛采用碳纤维复合材料(CFRP),加强主要零部件的结构,包括B-柱和C-柱,以及顶板梁。尽管这些材料的使用成本要比钢高得多,但是这些技术有望在将来10年内发生长足发展。钢材面临的挑战钢材业面对这些挑战并没有坐视不理,而是进行大量投资,研发更加先进的超高强钢(AHSS和UHSS),可以让汽车制造商用更少的材料,制造更多的东西。ArcelorMittal公司欧洲汽车部首席市场营销官Philippe Aubron说,“六七年前,我们将产品中的AHSS含量大概提高了10%,现在达到大约25-30%,而且这个比率将来还会提高。”AHSS是一种极限抗拉强度(UTS)超过500MPa的钢,而UHSS是一种极限抗拉强度超过980MPa的钢。这些材料主要用于白车身(BIW),生产的组件能够在撞车事故中吸收大量能量,比如车辆前段,旁边以及后侧组件。据Tata Steel公司产品市场经理Chris Woofindin说,“UHSS的轻质潜力主要依赖组件的应用和UHSS种类的强度。加入能代替传统的微合金高强度钢(340MPa)— 用于生产需要弯曲强度的组件 — UHSS钢种可以通过降低组件的尺寸,从而降低30-50%的重量。“使用钢材是减少汽车重量最廉价的方法。如果使用铝或CFRP,成本将会高得多” – Philippe Aubron, ArcelorMittal除此以外,使用高成本UHSS,将产生较少的材料补偿;一个轻质UHSS组件的成本很高。Aubron继续说,“使用钢材时减少汽车重量最廉价的方法。如果使用铝或CFRP,成本会很高。铝的成本会高出3-4倍,而CFRP则会更高。原始设备制造商和供应商们已经有冲压机床和焊接机床;万事俱备,因此他们不需要对UHSS进行额外投资。”成型与功能当然,能用铝和CFRP制造的组件也可以使用UHSS制造。尽管UHSS与传统钢材很相似,但是使用起来仍然有很多困难。 Extensive use of advanced steel grades in a typical C-segment vehicle在所有困难中,排在第一位的是成型。比如,马氏体钢种 — 正如其名 — 主要成分是马氏体加上少量铁酸盐和贝氏体。SSAB公司于2014年引进Docol 1700M马氏体钢(抗拉强度达到1,700MPa),能量吸收力极强。这种材料特别适合生产轻质钢材保险杠。然而,这种钢极难成型,只能用滚轧成型。Woofindin说,“使用具有高强度材料的困难在于,最终成型不能出现任何材料断裂或回弹造成的高程度变形。”在对平板材料完成冷处理时,会释放成型力,材料会因为弹性特性而恢复成原来的形状。这种回弹受到很多因素的影响,比如抗拉强度和抗屈强度。热冲压生产较复杂集合结构的组件、又可以限制回弹问题的一个方法就是热冲压技术。该技术是由SAAB公司于1984年首次应用于汽车制造业 — 就是将一个板材放到熔炉里加热至900°C,形成一个内部冷却的冲压模座,然后在每秒冷却速度在27°C的压力下淬火。这种最低冷却率保证了马氏体钢微观结构的成型,并保持高强度。“使用具有高强度材料的困难在于,最终成型不能出现任何材料断裂或回弹造成的高程度变形” – Chris Wooffindin, Tata Steel为了实现这种工艺,开发了硼钢,比如ArcelorMittal公司开发的Usibor 1500和Tata公司的HQ1500,这两种材料的抗拉强度在也冲压之后都达到1,500 MPa。制造的组件在最后成型之后都具有高准确性。从加热板材到冲压的整个过程,只需要5至10分钟,熔炉技术改进之后,每个零部件的生产过程需要20秒钟左右。热冲压技术在汽车制造业的应用越来越普遍;Volvo XC90的白车身的40%都是用这种工艺。然而,热成型所需能源,使得该技术的成本要比冷成型高得多。回弹模拟制钢业已经开发了电脑模拟程序,能让客户预测到组件的回弹过程,让他们修改冷成型技术,限制回弹。此外,许多第三代AHSS和UHSS钢种都接近商品化阶段,将来更容易以室温进行成型。2014年,ArcelorMitaal宣布开发成功冷冲压可塑性AHSS,这可以使用双期钢,将组件的重量降低20%。为了替代DP钢种,ArcelorMittal在法国和美国研发了Fortiform钢种。Fortiform钢种目前包括3个钢种。Fortiform 1050是第一个出现在市场上的钢种。由于具有高抗拉强度,Fortiform1050钢种特备适合生产需要吸收能力强的零部件。这种钢在轴向挤压试验中表现突出,使用了欧米茄结构,拥有56 km.h–1冲击速度点焊封板。第一批使用这种材料的车辆,将于2017年面世。其他两个钢种是Fortiform980和Fortiform1180,将于2017年完成。制造商已经得到样品,在2014年就进行测试,工业产品从2015年就投入市场。其他产品也将陆续出现。公司称,原始设备制造商不需要对生产线进行大量改动,就能使用新的钢种。只需要在点焊参数上进行稍微改动 — 由于碳的增加,就需要增加电极压力,调节焊接周期 — 但是,由于制造某个零部件的所需钢材要比DP钢种少,因此在生产线上使用这种钢种不会产生任何附加成本。 Vehicles components must adsorb large amounts ...
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Steel solutions
Producers of steel are developing innovative solutions to meet the vehicle lightweighting challengeOEMs have to strike a balance when selecting the right materials for their vehicles. These materials need to be strong enough to protect passengers in the event of a collision, yet light enough to reduce CO2 emissions and ...
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GM: Chasing Chinese capacity
Phil Kienle, vice-president of Manufacturing for GM International Operations (GMIO and GM China) discusses the production challenges of meeting rising demand in ChinaAMS: How has GM standardised its manufacturing operations globally and is China now operating at a level comparable with GM’s other high-volume production regions?Phil Kienle (PK): When you ...
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- 产量攻坚战
SGM正在极力提高产量以满足中国汽车市场的需求。Nick Holt在中国上海通用总部采访了总裁Phil Kienle,听听他来谈论如何提高产量,如何满足中国日益增加的需求 AMS: 通用汽车是如何统一全球制造的标准,中国的水平是否与其他高产量地区相当呢?Phil Kienle (PK): 当我们在SGM从设备角度谈论的时候,基本与通用的车身、喷漆、装配、动力等技术是一致的。SGMW稍有不同的是,拥有更高的价值标准,跟着过程清单走,但是迷你商用车的设备都是独一无二的。但是,这些技术将要进入乘用车的制造商,而且还会采用更多的技术。 从运作角度上看,我们所有的工厂基本上都相同。所有的工厂都采用全球制造系统(GMS),拥有5个支柱。因此在操作系统上,你会看到所有的工厂都是一样的。 公司在全球网络上的预期是一样的,而且我们在内部和外部上不断设立目标。我们在中国的地理位置非常好,虽然不比有些地区,但是比在美国和欧洲的要好。当我们考虑每小时的效率,每辆车的生产时间,生产成本,中国的工厂在全球都是最好的。 Phil Kienle vice president of Manufacturing for GM International Operations (GMIO and GM China) AMS:和美国和欧洲的工厂相比,通用在中国的制造中学到了什么,又开发了什么了呢?PK: 我们在中国生产的时间有20年,但是在美国和欧洲制造汽车的时间更长。因此,我们在这里的开始制造的时间相对短,但是我们循环的周期却不可思议。 当我们环顾在中国新建的工厂,我们发现在这里拥有过更多采用新技术的机会。这里是个一片新大陆,可以尽情采用新的东西。这是与美国和欧洲不同的地方,因为在这两个地方,现在主要忙于缩减产量。 我们在这里尝试开发许多新的喷漆技术,比如三浸式技术、干洗式等等。这些技术现在也都被美国和欧洲的工厂采用。因此,许多制造工程新技术都是在这里开始的,然后传播到其他各地的工厂。 AMS: 你们计划如何应付需求波动的?PK: 如果量化的话,去年中国市场共吸收了大约2,400万辆,今年我们通用中国打算生产400万辆。如果对明年的市场增长进行保守估计的话也会达到7%,那样我们会增加生产300,000辆;这个数据相当于一个工厂的产量。这就意味着,我们每年需要建设一个工厂才能跟上市场需求。 现在,我们处在这样一个艰难的处境,在快速生产的同时还要避免过度生产。市场的分段越来越多,车型也越来越多,因此我们工厂要在三个方面进行调节,其中之首就是工具的灵活性。工具加工应该能够生产多种模型,避免出现专用工具现象。第二个灵活性是设备 — 我们要在不同的地方生产相同的车型,这样就可以在进给需要提高产量时,可以随时满足需求。 第三个方面就是人力。我们花费很多时间和经理培训我们的员工,但是我们还有一些合约员工。在不可预见的情况下,会放弃一些合约员工,但是会保留核心技术员工。 “我们在中国的地理位置非常好,虽然不比有些地区,但是比在美国和欧洲的要好” – Phil Kienle, GM China ...
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Inline cleaning system for machined precision parts
QuattroClean from ACI AG is an inline, fully automated cleaning cell that the company says provides a needs-oriented cleaning step directly between the machining process and measurement step. The system can be integrated into a fully automated production line or used as a stand-alone device, claims the company.Fitted with a ...
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Specific lubricants to prevent unwanted vehicle noises
Klüber Lubrication offers a kit of 14 damping lubricants that match the individual requirements of its customers. These speciality lubricants reduce noises generated by vibration and friction as well as the creaking and squeaking of ventilation valves, sun visors, window lifters and other components, claims the company.The company says these ...
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Individual solutions for cutting tool production
The Kyocera Unimerco Group says it will offer its customers a special service: Production of custom indexable inserts and tool holders, which it claims offer precise solutions for customers’ individual requirements.The company says it can also individually adapt the cutting edge, giving it a special profile for the respective application, ...
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Webinar
SSAB Webinar: Simultaneous engineering
Do you work with design or forming for BIW, seats or other structural details on cars and buses?This complimentary webinar looked at ways to improve your vehicle performance while lowering weight, and at a reasonable cost. Topics covered included:the importance of designstrength versus formabilitymaterial modellingvariation effects on performance and shapecan ...
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GM pours $245m into Orion factory
US – The investment will support a new vehicle programme described by the OEM as “unlike any in the plant’s 32-year history”. The facility in Michigan has received $962m since it reopened in 2010 after being idled. GM did not give details, except to say that 300 personnel will be ...
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Aluminium's arrived
Lionel Chapis and Andreas Afseth, respectively Constellium's MD and R&D market manager for Automotive, explain how the lightweight alternative to steel is now fulfilling its potential – and not only in the USIt is an exciting time to be supplying aluminium to the automotive industry, according to Lionel Chapis, Constellium’s ...
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VW, Gestamp expand at Chattanooga
US – The further collaboration will involve an extension of Gestamp’s existing plant at Chattanooga and the construction of a stamping facility in Enterprise South for the production of Class-A parts including external metal skin for Volkswagen’s upcoming midsize SUV. The development will add 510 jobs at the site in ...
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Land Rover Defender hits 2m units
UK – The milestone vehicle, featuring unique design details, rolled off the line at the Jaguar Land Rover factory in Solihull. It will be sold at a charity auction in December, when the model will enter its final days of production.On its aluminium fender, the ‘Defender 2,000,000’ vehicle has an ...
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Mercedes Buenos Aires to make Vito
Argentina – The midsize van will join the production line-up at the end of June and be made in several variants: panel van, Mixto and Tourer. Available in both rear-wheel or front-wheel drive, the vehicle will be powered by a diesel engine for the panel van and Mixto, and both ...
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PSA unveils plans for Moroccan factory
Morocco – With operations scheduled to begin in 2019, the new facility at Ameur Seflia, Kenitra, will form part of a broader strategy to provide capacity for the African and Middle-Eastern markets, where the OEM expects production volume to reach 8m vehicles by 2025.Costing €557m ($633m), PSA’s Morocco project will ...
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Dodge Viper introduces metallic-matte finish
US – Beginning with the 2016 model, the brand will offer matte finishes in a range of hues, making the Viper available in more than 50m configurations, including over 16,000 colour and 48,000 stripe options.“The Anodized Carbon Viper was the first-ever use of this unique metallic-matte exterior colour by FCA ...
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Porsche takes over Kuka’s tool-making division
Germany – With locations in Schwarzenberg, Germany, and Dubnica, Slovakia, and a workforce of 600 individuals, the business will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the sports car manufacturer. Kuka Systems will soon be turned into ‘Porsche Werkzeugbau’, subject to approval under anti-trust law.“By taking over the tool-making division, Porsche ...
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Porsche ends 918 Spyder production
Germany – The final vehicle rolled off the assembly line at Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen according to schedule, says Porsche, after a production run of 21 months. The hybrid sports car has now reached its limited edition of 918 units.Production development began in 2010, after the go-ahead from Porsche’s supervisory board, and the ...
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The overcapacity conundrum
The Automotive News Europe Congress in Birmingham, UK, this month brought together top-level industry executives to discuss manufacturing strategy in the region, and indeed other parts of the world. New Aston CEO, Andy Palmer, intimated strongly that the DBX crossover, which will draw heavily on Mercedes technology, might be made ...